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Food Labeling Modernization Act of 2026

Introduced Jul 29, 2026 · Last action Jul 29, 2026 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

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Summary

This legislation is called the Food Labeling Modernization Act of 2026. It is being reviewed by a committee.

Full bill text

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 5166 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 5166

    To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to strengthen
 requirements related to nutrient information on food labels, and for
                            other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 29, 2026

 Mr. Blumenthal (for himself and Mr. Booker) introduced the following
  bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health,
                     Education, Labor, and Pensions

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

    To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to strengthen
 requirements related to nutrient information on food labels, and for
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Food Labeling
Modernization Act of 2026''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Additional requirements for front-of-package labeling for
                            foods.
Sec. 3. Claims for conventional foods.
Sec. 4. Use of specific terms.
Sec. 5. Format of ingredient list.
Sec. 6. Modernization of ingredient list.
Sec. 7. Caffeine content on information panel.
Sec. 8. Food allergen labeling.
Sec. 9. Information about major food allergens and gluten-containing
                            grains.
Sec. 10. Submission and availability of food label information.
Sec. 11. Standards of identity.
Sec. 12. Study on fortification of corn masa flour.
Sec. 13. Sugar alcohols and isolated fibers.
Sec. 14. Infant and toddler beverages.
Sec. 15. Formatting of information on principal display panels.
Sec. 16. Sale of food online.
Sec. 17. Definitions.
Sec. 18. Regulations; delayed applicability.

SEC. 2. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FRONT-OF-PACKAGE LABELING FOR
              FOODS.

    (a) Front-of-Package Labeling Requirements.--Section 403(q) of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(q)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (3), by striking ``and (2)'' and
        inserting ``(2), and (6)'';
            (2) in subparagraph (4)(A), by striking ``and (2)'' and
        inserting ``(2), and (6)'';
            (3) in subparagraph (5)(A), in the matter preceding
        subclause (i), by striking ``and (4)'' and inserting ``(4), and
        (5)''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(6)(A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (3), (4), and (5), if
it is a food intended for human consumption and is offered for sale,
unless it bears front-of-package labeling that includes the following:
            ``(i) An icon on the top half of the principal display
        panel that details and identifies high amounts of added sugars,
        sodium, or saturated fat, as applicable. Such principal display
        panel shall include a separate label for each such nutrient, as
        applicable. Such labels shall designate high amounts of added
        sugars, sodium, or saturated fat based on Daily Reference
        Values for adults, children ages 1 to 3, and infants through
        age 12 months, as applicable. Such labels shall include the
        words `High in' and a conspicuous exclamation point icon.
            ``(ii) If a food contains non-nutritive sweeteners, the
        following statement on the principal display panel: `Contains
        non-nutritive sweeteners. Not recommended for children.'. Such
        statement shall appear adjacent to the one or more `High in'
        labels described in clause (i), if applicable.
    ``(B) The labeling requirements described in subclauses (i) and
(ii) of clause (A) shall apply to foods, other than infant formula,
that are represented or purported to be specifically for infants
through 12 months of age and children 1 through 3 years of age, in
addition to applying to foods represented or purported to be for
adults.
    ``(C) In carrying out clauses (A) and (B), the Secretary shall
establish Daily Reference Values and percent Daily Values for added
sugars, sodium, and saturated fat for infants through 12 months of age
and update the Daily Reference Values and percent Daily Values for
added sugars, sodium, and saturated fat for children 1 through 3 years
of age in alignment with the recommendations in the 2020-2025 Dietary
Guidelines for Americans published by the Secretary and the Secretary
of Agriculture.''.
    (b) Percentage of Wheat and Grains in Grain-Based Products, and
Amount of Real Fruit, Vegetable, and Yogurt in Products Bearing Fruit,
Vegetable, and Yogurt Claims.--Section 403 of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
    ``(z) If, in the case of food other than a dietary supplement, the
principal display panel bears--
            ``(1) the term `whole wheat', `whole grain', `made with
        whole grain', or `multigrain';
            ``(2) a declaration of the whole grain content by weight;
            ``(3) the term `wheat' on a wheat bread, pasta, or similar
        product that is typically made from wheat; or
            ``(4) any similar descriptive phrases, terms, or
        representations suggesting the product contains whole grains,
unless the amounts of whole grains and refined grains, expressed as a
percentage of total grains, are conspicuously disclosed in immediate
proximity to the most prominent descriptive phrase, term, or
representation using a font color and formatting of equivalent
prominence to the descriptive phrase, term, or representation with
respect to whole grain content, or unless 100 percent of the grains in
the food are whole grains.
    ``(aa)(1) If, in the case of food other than a dietary supplement,
the principal display panel bears--
    ``(A) the term `fruit', `fruity', `froot', `frooty', or `fruit-
flavored';
    ``(B) representations, depictions, or images of fruit ingredients;
or
    ``(C) any similar descriptive phrases, terms, or representations
suggesting the product contains fruit or any specific type of fruit,
unless the quantity per serving and form of fruit, including only the
nutrient-dense forms, is declared on the principal display panel in a
common household measure that is appropriate to the food,
conspicuously, and in immediate proximity to the most prominent term,
representation, depiction, or image of fruit.
    ``(2) The Secretary shall by regulation establish quantities below
which such declaration shall state that a serving of the food does not
contain a full serving of fruit.
    ``(3) In this paragraph, the term `nutrient-dense', with respect to
the form of an ingredient derived from a fruit, means the whole, cut,
dried, pulp, puree, 100-percent juice, or fully reconstituted
concentrate form, and not concentrates, powders, and other ingredients
that are not whole, cut, dried, pulp, puree, 100-percent juice, or
fully reconstituted concentrates.
    ``(bb)(1) If, in the case of food other than a dietary supplement,
the principal display panel bears--
            ``(A) the term `vegetable' or `veggie';
            ``(B) representations, depictions, or images of vegetable
        ingredients; or
            ``(C) any similar descriptive phrases, terms, or
        representations suggesting the product contains vegetables or
        any specific type of vegetable,
unless the quantity per serving and form of vegetable, including only
the nutrient-dense form, is declared on the principal display panel in
a common household measure that is appropriate to the food,
conspicuously, and in immediate proximity to the most prominent term,
representation, depiction, or image of vegetable.
    ``(2) The Secretary shall by regulation establish quantities below
which such declaration shall state that a serving of the food does not
contain a full serving of vegetable.
    ``(3) In this paragraph, the term `nutrient-dense', with respect to
the form of an ingredient derived from a vegetable, means the whole,
cut, dried, pulp, puree, 100-percent juice, or fully reconstituted
concentrate form, and not concentrates, powders, and other ingredients
that are not whole, cut, dried, pulp, puree, 100-percent juice, or
fully reconstituted concentrates.
    ``(cc)(1) If, in the case of food other than a dietary supplement,
the principal display panel bears the term `yogurt', unless--
            ``(A) the quantity per serving of yogurt is declared on the
        principal display panel in a common household measure that is
        appropriate to the food, conspicuously, in immediate proximity
        to the term; or
            ``(B) the first ingredient is cultured milk, cultured
        cream, cultured partially skimmed milk, or cultured skim milk.
    ``(2) The Secretary shall by regulation establish quantities below
which such declaration shall state that a serving of the food does not
contain a full serving of yogurt.''.
    (c) Coloring and Flavoring.--Section 403 of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act, as amended by subsection (b), is further amended by
adding at the end the following:
    ``(dd) If, in the case of food other than a dietary supplement, it
bears or contains any artificial dye, or any added artificial or
natural flavoring, unless such fact is prominently stated on the
principal display panel of the packaging of the food. For the purposes
of this paragraph, the term `artificial dye' refers to a batch-
certified dye certified under part 74 of title 21, Code of Federal
Regulations (or any successor regulations).''.
    (d) Report on Sweeteners.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a
        report that--
                    (A) evaluates whether--
                            (i) manufacturers have increased the use of
                        low- and no-calorie sweeteners; and
                            (ii) the use of low- and no-calorie
                        sweeteners has risen to a level that could
                        result in negative health consequences; and
                    (B) describes actions that will be taken by the
                Secretary to address any increased use of low- and no-
                calorie sweeteners.
            (2) Monitoring.--On completion of the report described in
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                    (A) periodically monitor for increased use of low-
                and no-calorie sweeteners; and
                    (B) take action to address the use of low- and no-
                calorie sweeteners if the use has risen to a level that
                could result in negative health consequences.
    (e) Construction.--Nothing in this section, including any amendment
made by this section, shall be construed as--
            (1) affecting any requirement in regulation in effect as of
        the date of the enactment of this Act with respect to matters
        that are required to be stated on the principal display panel
        of a package or container of food that is not required by an
        amendment made by this section; or
            (2) restricting the authority of the Secretary of Health
        and Human Services to require additional information be
        disclosed on such a principal display panel.

SEC. 3. CLAIMS FOR CONVENTIONAL FOODS.

    (a) Health-Related Claims.--
            (1) In general.--Section 403(r)(1)(B) of the Federal Food,
        Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(r)(1)(B)) is amended by
        inserting after ``health-related condition'' the following: ``,
        describes the effect that a nutrient may have on the structure
        or function of the human body, characterizes the documented
        mechanism by which that nutrient acts to maintain such
        structure or function, or describes general well-being from
        consumption of that nutrient,''.
            (2) Substantiation of claim.--Section 403(r) of the Federal
        Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(r)) is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraph (7) as
                subparagraph (8); and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (6) the
                following:
    ``(7) If the Secretary requests that a claim under subparagraph
(1)(B) for food (other than a dietary supplement) be substantiated,
then not later than 90 days after the date on which the Secretary makes
such request, the manufacturer shall provide to the Secretary all
documentation in the manufacturer's possession relating to the
claim.''.
            (3) Incompatible with maintaining healthy dietary
        practices.--Section 403(r)(3)(A)(ii) of the Federal Food, Drug,
        and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(r)(2)(B)) is amended by
        striking ``increases to persons in the general population the
        risk of a disease or health-related condition which is diet
        related'' and inserting ``may not be compatible with
        maintaining healthy dietary practices''.
    (b) Nutrient Content Claims.--
            (1) In general.--Section 403(r)(2) of the Federal Food,
        Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(r)(2)) is amended by
        striking clause (B) and inserting the following:
    ``(B) If a claim described in subparagraph (1)(A) is made with
respect to a nutrient in a food and the Secretary makes a determination
that the food contains a nutrient at a level that may not be compatible
with maintaining healthy dietary practices, the label or labeling of
such food shall contain, prominently and in immediate proximity to such
claim, a statement which indicates the food is high in such
nutrient.''.
            (2) Revisions to regulations.--In promulgating the
        regulations required by section 18, the Secretary of Health and
        Human Services shall revise section 101.13(h) of title 21, Code
        of Federal Regulations, by--
                    (A) updating the level of sodium requiring
                disclosure to align with the Daily Reference Value for
                sodium established in the final rule entitled ``Food
                Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement
                Facts Labels'' published by the Food and Drug
                Administration on May 27, 2016 (81 Fed. Reg. 33741);
                    (B) including a level of added sugars requiring
                disclosure based on the Daily Reference Value for added
                sugars established in the final rule described in
                subparagraph (A);
                    (C) eliminating the requirement that meal products
                containing more than 26 grams of fat and main dish
                products containing 19.5 grams of fat per labeled
                serving must disclose that fat is present in the food;
                and
                    (D) authorizing the use of express and implied
                ``low added sugar'' claims on products containing 3
                grams of added sugars or less per reference amount
                customarily consumed (or per 50 grams if the reference
                amount customarily consumed is 30 grams or less or 2
                tablespoons or less).
    (c) Trans Fats.--Section 403(r)(2)(A) of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(r)(2)(A)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subclauses (v) and (vi) as subclauses
        (vi) and (vii), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subclause (iv) the following new
        subclause:
            ``(v) may not be made with respect to the level of trans
        fats in the food, except on the Nutrition Facts Panel, unless
        the food contains less than one gram of saturated fat per
        serving or, if the food contains more than one gram of
        saturated fat per serving, unless the label or labeling of the
        food discloses the level of saturated fat in the food in
        immediate proximity to such claim and with appropriate
        prominence which shall be no less than one-half the size of the
        claim with respect to the level of trans fats,''.
    (d) Added Sugars.--Not more than 2 years after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall
promulgate a final rule revising section 101.14 of title 21, Code of
Federal Regulations, to include a disqualifying nutrient level for
added sugars.

SEC. 4. USE OF SPECIFIC TERMS.

    (a) Use of the Terms ``Non-UPF'', ``Non-ultraprocessed'', ``Not
UPF'', and ``Not Ultraprocessed''.--
            (1) In general.--In promulgating the regulations required
        by section 18, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall
        include regulations--
                    (A) relating to use of the terms ``non-UPF'',
                ``non-ultraprocessed'', ``not UPF'', and ``not
                ultraprocessed'' on the label of food, including
                addressing what each such term does and does not mean
                in terms of ingredients and manufacturing processes;
                and
                    (B) specifically addressing the use of such term on
                the principal display panel and the information panel.
            (2) Definitions.--The regulations promulgated pursuant to
        paragraph (1) shall define the terms ``non-UPF'', ``non-
        ultraprocessed'', ``not UPF'', and ``not-ultraprocessed'' to
        exclude, at a minimum--
                    (A) foods that do not meet the definition of
                ``healthy'' at section 101.65 (d)(3) of title 21, Code
                of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulations);
                and
                    (B) dietary supplements.
    (b) Use of the Term ``Natural''.--
            (1) In general.--In promulgating the regulations required
        by section 18, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall
        include regulations--
                    (A) relating to use of the term ``natural'' on the
                labeling of food (other than a dietary supplement);
                    (B) specifically addressing the use of such term on
                the principal display panel and the information panel;
                and
                    (C) requiring that any such use includes a
                prominent disclosure explaining what the term
                ``natural'' does and does not mean in terms of
                ingredients and manufacturing processes.
            (2) Definition.--The regulations promulgated pursuant to
        paragraph (1) shall define the term ``natural''--
                    (A) to exclude, at a minimum, the use of any
                artificial food or ingredient (including any artificial
                flavor or added color); and
                    (B) based on data, including data on consumers'
                understanding of the term as used in connection with
                food.
            (3) Process.--In promulgating the regulations required by
        paragraph (1), the Secretary of Health and Human Services
        shall--
                    (A) conduct consumer surveys and studies and issue
                a timely call for relevant public submissions regarding
                relevant consumer research, including with respect to
                consumer understanding of the term ``natural'' in
                relation to the term ``organic''; and
                    (B) fully consider the results of such surveys and
                studies, as well as such public submissions.

SEC. 5. FORMAT OF INGREDIENT LIST.

    (a) In General.--In promulgating the regulations required by
section 18, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall include
requirements for the format of the information required under section
403(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(i))--
            (1) for the purpose of improving the readability of such
        information on the label of the food (other than a dietary
        supplement); and
            (2) that are, as determined by the Secretary, necessary to
        assist consumers in maintaining healthy dietary practices.
    (b) Format Requirements.--The format requirements described in
subsection (a) shall include requirements for font size, uppercase and
lowercase characters, serif and noncondensed font types, high-contrast
between text and background, and bullet points between adjacent
ingredients with appropriate exemptions for small packages or other
considerations.
    (c) Enforcement of Ingredient List.--Not later than 2 years after
the enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary
of Health and Human Services shall submit a report to Congress on the
Secretary's enforcement of--
            (1) section 403(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
        Act (21 U.S.C. 343(i)), including with respect to the
        regulations described in subsection (a); and
            (2) regulations of the Food and Drug Administration on
        labeling of ingredients in section 101.4 of title 21, Code of
        Federal Regulations.

SEC. 6. MODERNIZATION OF INGREDIENT LIST.

    (a) Phosphorus.--Section 403 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343), as amended by section 2(c), is further
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(ee) If it is a food intended for human consumption that is
offered for sale and contains phosphorus, unless--
            ``(1) the phrase `contains phosphorus', along with the
        quantity of phosphorus in the product, reported in milligrams
        per serving, is printed immediately after or is adjacent to the
        list of ingredients required under paragraphs (g) and (i), in a
        type size no smaller than the type size used in the list of
        ingredients; or
            ``(2) the quantity of phosphorus contained in the product,
        in milligrams, is reported in the Nutrition Facts Panel.''.
    (b) Full Ingredient Disclosure.--Section 403(i) of the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(i)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``, and (2) in case'' and inserting ``; (2)
        in the case that'';
            (2) by striking ``and if the food purports'' and inserting
        ``; (3) if the food purports;''; and
            (3) by striking ``except that spices, flavorings, and
        colors not required to be certified under section 721(c) unless
        sold as spices, flavorings, or such colors, may be designated
        as spices, flavorings, and colorings without naming each'' and
        inserting ``(4) in the case that the label uses the terms
        `natural flavor', `natural flavoring', `artificial flavor',
        `artificial flavoring', `spice', or `spices' in its ingredient
        list, a parenthetical listing each specific substance included
        with respect to that term, except that, if such parenthetical
        lists more than 10 substances, or if the food is sold in a
        package with 40 square inches or less of total surface area
        available for labeling, the food may bear a scannable QR code
        linking to a website or other remote electronic written medium
        with a full ingredient list, accompanied by text stating: `Scan
        for details on', followed by the term or terms necessitating
        such QR code; and''.

SEC. 7. CAFFEINE CONTENT ON INFORMATION PANEL.

    Section 403(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21
U.S.C. 343(i)), as amended by section 6, is further amended by
inserting before the period at the end of the first sentence the
following: ``; and (5) if the food is food other than a dietary
supplement and contains at least 10 milligrams of caffeine from all
sources per serving, a statement (with appropriate prominence near the
statement of ingredients required by this paragraph) of the number of
milligrams of caffeine contained in one serving of the food and the
size of such serving'' after ``vegetable juice contained in the food''.

SEC. 8. FOOD ALLERGEN LABELING.

    (a) In General.--Section 201(qq) of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321(qq)) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
            ``(3) Any other food or food ingredient that the Secretary
        determines by regulation to be a major food allergen, based on
        the prevalence and severity of allergic reactions to the food
        ingredient.''.
    (b) Update to Compliance Policy Guide.--Not later than 2 years
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and
Human Services shall update the Food and Drug Administration's
Compliance Policy Guide, section 555.250, to conform with applicable
laws related to major food allergens and gluten-containing grains,
including requirements under sections 9 and 10 of this Act.

SEC. 9. INFORMATION ABOUT MAJOR FOOD ALLERGENS AND GLUTEN-CONTAINING
              GRAINS.

    (a) In General.--Section 403(w) of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(w)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding clause (A), by
                inserting ``or gluten-containing grain'' after ``major
                food allergen'';
                    (B) in clause (A)--
                            (i) by inserting ``or gluten-containing
                        grain'' after ``major food allergen''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``is printed immediately
                        after or is adjacent to the list of ingredients
                        (in a type size no smaller than the type size
                        used in the list of ingredients) required under
                        subsections (g) and (i)'' and inserting ``is
                        printed as specified in subparagraph (8)''; and
                    (C) in clause (B)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subclause (i)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``or gluten-
                                containing grain'' after ``of the major
                                food allergen'';
                                    (II) by striking ``in the list of
                                ingredients required under subsections
                                (g) and (i)'' and inserting ``as so
                                printed''; and
                                    (III) by inserting ``or gluten-
                                containing grain'' before ``is
                                derived,'';
                            (ii) in subclause (i), by inserting ``or
                        gluten-containing grain'' before ``is
                        derived''; and
                            (iii) in subclause (ii)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``or gluten-
                                containing grain'' before ``is
                                derived''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``not a major food
                                allergen under section 201(qq)(2)(A) or
                                (B).'' and inserting the following:
                                ``not--
                                    ``(I) a major food allergen under
                                clause (A) or (B) of section
                                201(qq)(2); or
                                    ``(II) a gluten-containing
                                grain.'';
            (2) in subparagraph (3), by striking ``The information''
        and inserting ``Subject to subparagraph (8)(B), the
        information'';
            (3) in subparagraph (4), by inserting ``or gluten-
        containing grain'' after ``major food allergen'';
            (4) in subparagraph (7)(A), in the matter preceding
        subclause (i), by striking ``paragraph (6)'' and inserting
        ``subparagraph (6)''; and
            (5) by adding at the end of the following:
    ``(8) The information required by subparagraph (1) to be conveyed
to the consumer shall be--
            ``(A) printed immediately after or adjacent to the list of
        ingredients (in a type size no smaller than the type size used
        in the list of ingredients) required under paragraphs (g) and
        (i); or
            ``(B) in the case of nonpackaged food being offered for
        sale at retail, and not subject to the requirements under
        paragraph (g) and (i), place on a sign adjacent to the food (in
        a type size no smaller than the name of the food item).''.
    (b) Hazard Analysis and Preventive Controls.--Section 418 of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 350g) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by inserting ``gluten-
        containing grains,'' after ``allergens,''; and
            (2) in subsection (o)(3)(D), by inserting ``and gluten-
        containing grain'' after ``allergen,''.
    (c) Inspections Relating to Food Allergens.--Section 205 of the
Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (21 U.S.C.
374a) is amended by inserting ``and gluten-containing grains,'' after
``allergens'' each place it appears.

SEC. 10. SUBMISSION AND AVAILABILITY OF FOOD LABEL INFORMATION.

    The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act is amended by inserting
after section 403C of such Act (21 U.S.C. 343--3) the following:

``SEC. 403D. SUBMISSION AND AVAILABILITY OF FOOD LABEL INFORMATION.

    ``(a) Submissions.--
            ``(1) Requirement.--The Secretary shall require the
        manufacturer or importer of any food that is introduced or
        delivered for introduction into interstate commerce in package
        form to submit to the Secretary all information to be included
        in the label of the food, including--
                    ``(A) the nutrition facts panel;
                    ``(B) the ingredients list;
                    ``(C) an image of the principal display panel;
                    ``(D) major allergens and gluten-containing grains;
                    ``(E) claims under section 403(r)(1)(A) (commonly
                known as `nutrient-content claims');
                    ``(F) claims under section 403(r)(1)(B) (commonly
                known as `health-related claims'); and
                    ``(G) other relevant information required by law to
                be published in the labeling of the food.
            ``(2) Updates.--The Secretary shall require the
        manufacturer or importer of food to update or supplement the
        information submitted under paragraph (1) with respect to the
        food in order to keep the information up-to-date and complete.
            ``(3) Civil penalty.--Whoever knowingly violates paragraph
        (1) with respect to any food shall be liable to the United
        States for a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $10,000
        for each day on which such violation continues with respect to
        such food.
    ``(b) Public Database.--The Secretary shall establish and maintain
a public database containing the information submitted under this
section that--
            ``(1) is available to the public through the website of the
        Food and Drug Administration; and
            ``(2) allows members of the public to easily search and
        sort information.''.

SEC. 11. STANDARDS OF IDENTITY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment
of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall--
            (1) review standards of identity prescribed by regulation
        which require foods to contain--
                    (A) minimum levels of nutrients that the Secretary
                determines are strongly associated with public health
                concerns; or
                    (B) minimum levels of ingredients containing high
                levels of such nutrients; and
            (2) report to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the
        House of Representatives and the Committee on Health,
        Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate on the findings of
        such review.
    (b) Amendments.--In promulgating the regulations required by
section 18, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall amend
standards of identity regulations to--
            (1) provide for the use of salt substitutes where
        appropriate; and
            (2) require that yogurt, lowfat yogurt, and nonfat yogurt
        contain a minimum level of live and active cultures per gram.

SEC. 12. STUDY ON FORTIFICATION OF CORN MASA FLOUR.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Secretary of Health and Human Services shall submit a report to
Congress on the effect of the final rule titled ``Food Additives
Permitted for Direct Addition to Food for Human Consumption; Folic
Acid'' published by the Food and Drug Administration on April 15, 2016
(81 Fed. Reg. 22176) on folic acid intake in the United States
population by race and ethnicity, comparing actual exposure with
modeled exposure estimates from the final rule.

SEC. 13. SUGAR ALCOHOLS AND ISOLATED FIBERS.

    Section 403 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C.
343), as amended by section 6, is further amended by adding at the end
the following:
    ``(ff) If it is a food intended for human consumption that is
offered for sale and contains allulose, polydextrose, sugar alcohols,
or isolated fibers, unless such fact is prominently stated on the
principal display panel of the packaging of the food. The Secretary
shall by regulation establish quantities above which such labeling
shall include a warning that the food contains a level of allulose,
polydextrose, sugar alcohols, or isolated fibers per serving determined
by the Secretary to cause deleterious health effects.''.

SEC. 14. INFANT AND TODDLER BEVERAGES.

    In promulgating the regulations required by section 18, the
Secretary of Health and Human Services shall revise--
            (1) section 101.3 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations,
        to prohibit any beverage in powder or liquid form, other than
        infant formula, represented or purported to be for use by
        children more than 12 months old, from being identified as
        ``infant formula'' or use the term ``formula'' in combination
        with any other term; and
            (2) part 102 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, so
        that--
                    (A) in the case of any powdered or liquid milk-
                based beverage that claims to be for consumption by
                children 12 to 36 months of age, such beverage shall--
                            (i) use as its common or usual name a
                        descriptive term such as ``milk-based drink'';
                        and
                            (ii) if the beverage contains added sugars,
                        nonnutritive sweeteners, or flavorings, include
                        in such common or usual name a qualifying term
                        such as ``sweetened'' or ``flavored'';
                    (B) in the case of any powdered or liquid nondairy-
                milk-based beverage that claims to be for consumption
                by children 12 to 36 months of age, such beverage
                shall--
                            (i) use as its common or usual name an
                        appropriately descriptive term identifying the
                        source of protein, such as ``soy-based drink
                        powder for 12-36 month olds''; and
                            (ii) if the beverage contains added sugars,
                        nonnutritive sweeteners, or flavorings, include
                        in such common or usual name qualifying terms
                        such as ``sweetened'' and ``flavored'' when
                        applicable; and
                    (C) the labeling of a beverage described in
                subparagraph (A) or (B) shall--
                            (i) contain a disclaimer that--
                                    (I) cautions against consumption of
                                the beverage by infants, such as ``Do
                                not serve to infants under 12 months
                                old''; and
                                    (II) such beverages are not
                                recommended for children 12 to 24
                                months of age and such consumption of
                                such beverages is not required for a
                                healthy diet, such as ``This product
                                contains added sugars. The Dietary
                                Guidelines for Americans recommend to
                                avoid food and beverages with added
                                sugars for children younger than 24
                                months of age.''; and
                            (ii) not contain any statement suggesting a
                        recommended intake of such beverages, such as
                        ``one cup a day''.

SEC. 15. FORMATTING OF INFORMATION ON PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANELS.

    The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall--
            (1) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
        this Act, conduct a study on the legibility of food labeling to
        determine updated recommendations for text size and color
        contrast that make food labeling information visually
        accessible to the majority of consumers;
            (2) not later than 1 year after the completion of the study
        under paragraph (1), issue proposed regulations revising
        section 101.2(c) of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, to--
                    (A) set the scale of text size, taking into
                consideration the results of the study conducted under
                paragraph (1); and
                    (B) establish new requirements for text and
                background color contrast, taking into consideration
                the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1);
                and
            (3) not later than 2 years after the completion of the
        study under paragraph (1), finalize such proposed regulations.

SEC. 16. SALE OF FOOD ONLINE.

    (a) In General.--Section 403 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343), as amended by section 13, is further
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(gg)(1) If it is a food intended for human consumption and is
offered for sale online or by other remote written electronic means,
unless the following requirements are met:
            ``(A) The following information is available to consumers
        at the point of selection prior to purchasing the food, through
        a publicly available website or other remote electronic written
        means:
                    ``(i) The information required to be included in a
                food label pursuant to paragraph (e)(2).
                    ``(ii) The nutrition information required in a food
                label under paragraph (q), in the same format as
                required under paragraph (q) and subject to clause (C).
                    ``(iii) The ingredient information required under
                paragraphs (g), (i), (k), and (s), provided that if
                formulations of the food containing different
                ingredients or nutrition information required under
                paragraph (q)(1) may be substituted under the same
                offer for sale--
                            ``(I) in immediate proximity to the text or
                        image disclosing the ingredient list or
                        nutrition information required under such
                        paragraph(q)(1), the following statement shall
                        appear: `There are multiple versions of this
                        product. Please review ingredients and
                        nutrition facts for each version prior to
                        purchase.'; and
                            ``(II) all versions of the ingredients or
                        nutrition information required to be included
                        on a label or labeling under paragraph (q)(1)
                        presenting such different ingredients or
                        nutrition information shall be available to
                        consumers prior to purchasing the food.
                    ``(iv) The information required under paragraphs
                (w) and (x).
                    ``(v) The information required to appear on the
                principal display panel (as defined in section 101.1 of
                title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor
                regulations)).
            ``(B)(i) The manufacturer, processor, or distributor of the
        food makes the information described in subclauses (i) through
        (v) of clause (A) available, through a publicly available
        website or other remote electronic written means.
            ``(ii) With respect to any updates to the information
        required to be made available by a manufacturer, processor, or
        distributor pursuant to subclause (i), such updates shall be
        made available prior to the food being introduced or delivered
        for introduction into commerce.
            ``(C) The information required under clauses (A) and (B)
        may be provided as text or by publishing images of the product
        label.
            ``(D) For purposes of clauses (A) and (B), the nutrition
        information required under paragraph (q), the ingredient
        information required under paragraphs (g), (i), (k), and (s),
        and the allergen information required under paragraphs (w) and
        (x) shall--
                    ``(i) be easily accessible on the first screen
                containing information about the product appearing on a
                mobile device, internet website, or other landing page;
                and
                    ``(ii) appear prominently and conspicuously (as
                compared with other words, statements, or designs on
                the mobile device, website, or other landing page) so
                as to render the information likely to be read and
                understood by the ordinary individual under customary
                conditions of online purchase.
    ``(2)(A) A food shall be exempt from the requirements of this
paragraph to the extent the food is otherwise exempt from a labeling
requirement under paragraph (q)(5), section 405(2), or another
provision of this chapter.
    ``(B) The requirements of this paragraph shall be subject to any
exemptions and variations as are applicable under this section.''.
    (b) Exemption for Penalties.--Section 303(d) of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 333(d)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``No person'' and inserting the following:
        ``(d)(1) No person''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(2) No person offering a product for sale online or by other
remote electronic written means shall be subject to the penalties of
subsection (a)(1) of this section for a violation of section 301
involving misbranded food if the violation exists solely because the
food is misbranded under section 403(gg) due to omission or
inaccuracies in the information required under section 403(gg)(1), if
such omission or inaccuracies were replicated from the product
label.''.

SEC. 17. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) Definitions Applicable in This Act.--In this Act, the terms
``food'' and ``dietary supplement'' have the meanings given to such
terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21
U.S.C. 321).
    (b) Definitions Applicable in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act.--Section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21
U.S.C. 321) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(tt) The term `artificial', with respect to food or any
ingredient of food, means--
            ``(1) food or an ingredient that is synthetically produced
        whether or not it has the same chemical structure as a
        naturally occurring food or ingredient;
            ``(2) food or an ingredient that has undergone chemical
        changes through the introduction of synthetic chemicals or
        processing aids (such as corn syrup, high-fructose corn syrup,
        high-maltose corn syrup, maltodextrin, chemically modified
        starch, and cocoa processed with alkali), excluding--
                    ``(A) food or an ingredient that has undergone
                traditional processes used to make food edible, to
                preserve food, or to make food safe for human
                consumption (such as smoking, roasting, freezing,
                drying, and fermenting processes); or
                    ``(B) food or an ingredient that has undergone
                traditional physical processes that do not
                fundamentally alter the raw product or which only
                separate a whole intact food into component parts (such
                as grinding grains, separating eggs into albumen and
                yolk, or pressing fruits to produce juice); or
            ``(3) any food or ingredient that the Secretary specifies
        by regulation to be artificial for purposes of this Act.
    ``(uu) The term `synthetic', with respect to a substance in food or
any ingredient of food, means a substance that is formulated or
manufactured by a chemical process or by a process that chemically
changes a substance extracted from a naturally occurring plant, animal,
or mineral source, except that such term does not apply to a substance
created by naturally occurring biological processes.
    ``(vv) The term `gluten-containing grains' means any one of the
following grains (or any crossbred hybrid thereof):
            ``(1) Wheat, including any species belonging to the genus
        Triticum.
            ``(2) Rye, including any species belonging to the genus
        Secale.
            ``(3) Barley, including any species belonging to the genus
        Hordeum.
    ``(ww) The term `gluten' means the proteins that--
            ``(1) naturally occur in a gluten-containing grain; and
            ``(2) may cause adverse health effects in persons with
        celiac disease.
    ``(xx) The term `online' means on or by any system of data
communication and transmission, such as the internet.
    ``(yy) The term `online point of selection' means any space in
which consumers are allowed to purchase food online, including
websites, e-commerce platforms, web applications, and mobile
applications.''.

SEC. 18. REGULATIONS; DELAYED APPLICABILITY.

    (a) Regulations.--
            (1) Proposed regulations.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health
                and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of
                Food and Drugs, shall issue proposed regulations to
                carry out sections 3, 4, 5(a), 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14,
                16, and 17(b) and the amendments made by such sections.
                    (B) Front-of-package labeling for foods.--Not later
                than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
                the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting
                through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall issue
                proposed regulations to carry out section 2, including
                the amendments made by such section.
            (2) Final regulations.--Not later than 2 years after the
        date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and
        Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and
        Drugs, shall finalize the regulations proposed pursuant to
        paragraph (1).
            (3) Failure to issue final regulation.--If the Secretary of
        Health and Human Services does not issue a final regulation as
        required by paragraph (2) by the deadline specified in such
        paragraph, the corresponding proposed regulation shall become
        final on such deadline.
            (4) Special rule with respect to certain front-of-package
        labeling requirements.--
                    (A) In general.--If the Secretary determines that
                establishing Daily Reference Values and percent Daily
                Values as described in section 403(q)(6)(C) of the
                Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by
                section 2(a), for inclusion in the final rule as
                required by paragraph (2) would prevent the issuance of
                such final rule by the deadline described in such
                subsection, the Secretary shall issue such final rule
                before establishing such Daily Reference Values and
                percent Daily Values.
                    (B) Subsequent revision to rule.--If the Secretary
                finalizes the rule as described in described in section
                403(q)(6)(C) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
                Act, as amended by section 2(a) before establishing
                Daily Reference Values and percent Daily Values, as
                described in subparagraph (A), the Secretary, as soon
                as practicable after establishing such Daily Reference
                Values and percent Daily Values, shall revise such
                final rule to include such Daily Reference Values and
                percent Daily Values.
    (b) Delayed Applicability.--The amendments made by sections 2, 3,
4, 5(a), 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, and 17(b) apply beginning on the
date that is 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act.
                                 <all>

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Status

In Committee

  1. 1Introduced
  2. 2Committee
  3. 3Floor
  4. 4Passed
  5. 5Signed

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