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Sustainable Homeownership Act

Introduced Jun 25, 2026 · Last action Jun 25, 2026 Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services.

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Summary

This legislation is called the Sustainable Homeownership Act. Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services.

Full bill text

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 9460 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 9460

To amend the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act and the Federal
National Mortgage Association Charter Act to specify requirements with
  respect to the ownership of certain mortgage assets for the Federal
   Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Federal National Mortgage
                  Association, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             June 25, 2026

Mr. Fitzgerald introduced the following bill; which was referred to the
                    Committee on Financial Services

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

To amend the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act and the Federal
National Mortgage Association Charter Act to specify requirements with
  respect to the ownership of certain mortgage assets for the Federal
   Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Federal National Mortgage
                  Association, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Sustainable Homeownership Act''.

SEC. 2. REQUIREMENTS OF OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN MORTGAGE ASSETS.

    (a) Freddie Mac.--
            (1) Mortgage operations.--Section 305 of the Federal Home
        Loan Mortgage Corporation Act (12 U.S.C. 1454) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(2)--
                            (i) by striking ``No conventional'' and
                        inserting the following: ``Limits on purchases
                        of high loan-to-value mortgages--
            ``(A) In general.--No conventional'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), as amended by
                        clause (i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``value of'' and
                                inserting ``lesser of appraised value
                                or purchase price of'';
                                    (II) by striking ``not less than 10
                                per centum in the mortgage'' and
                                inserting ``not less than the same
                                percentage of the first-loss portion of
                                the unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage that is required to be insured
                                or guaranteed as described in
                                subsection (e)(1)'';
                                    (III) by striking ``for such period
                                and'';
                                    (IV) by inserting ``not later than
                                120 days after the default of such
                                mortgage'' after ``is in default''; and
                                    (V) by striking ``as determined by
                                the Corporation'' and inserting ``,
                                subject to the coverage and the
                                qualified insurer requirements
                                described in subsection (e)''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Exception for refinancing.--Notwithstanding
                the first sentence of subparagraph (A), the Corporation
                may purchase a conventional mortgage with an
                outstanding principal balance exceeding 97 percent of
                the value of the property securing the mortgage if the
                Corporation or the Federal National Mortgage
                Association, during the 30 day period before the
                origination of such mortgage, replaced a mortgage with
                the same borrower secured by the same property and the
                new conventional mortgage--
                            ``(i) reduces payment amounts for the
                        borrower;
                            ``(ii) shortens the amortization term of
                        the mortgage; or
                            ``(iii) replaces variable rate mortgage
                        with fixed rate mortgage for a minimum of a 60
                        month term.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Insurance or Guarantee on Unpaid Principal Balance of a
Mortgage.--
            ``(1) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--With respect to the insurance or
                guarantee on the portion of the unpaid principal
                balance at the time of purchase of a mortgage which is
                in excess of 80 percent of the value of the property
                securing the mortgage that is required under subsection
                (a)(2)(A), the following requirements apply:
                            ``(i) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                        principal balance that is equal to an amount
                        that is above 80 percent and not more than 85
                        percent of the value of the property--
                                    ``(I) an amount that is not less
                                than 12 percent of the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer; or
                                    ``(II) if the mortgage is a fixed-
                                rate mortgage with a fully amortizing
                                term of less than or equal to 20 years,
                                an amount that is not less than 6
                                percent of the portion of the unpaid
                                principal balance of the mortgage shall
                                be guaranteed or insured by a qualified
                                insurer.
                            ``(ii) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                        principal balance that is equal to an amount
                        that is above 85 percent and not more than 90
                        percent of the value of the property--
                                    ``(I) an amount that is not less
                                than 25 percent of the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer; or
                                    ``(II) if the mortgage is a fixed-
                                rate mortgage with a fully amortizing
                                term of less than or equal to 20 years,
                                an amount that is not less than 12
                                percent the portion of the unpaid
                                principal balance of the mortgage shall
                                be guaranteed or insured by a qualified
                                insurer.
                            ``(iii) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                        principal balance that is equal to an amount
                        that is above 90 percent and not more than 95
                        percent of the value of the property--
                                    ``(I) an amount that is not less
                                than 30 percent the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer; or
                                    ``(II) if the mortgage is a fixed-
                                rate mortgage with a fully amortizing
                                term of less than or equal to 20 years,
                                an amount that is not less than 25
                                percent the portion of the unpaid
                                principal balance of the mortgage shall
                                be guaranteed or insured by a qualified
                                insurer.
                            ``(iv) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                        principal balance that is equal to an amount
                        that is above 95 percent and not more than 97
                        percent of the value of the property, an amount
                        that is not less than 35 percent of the portion
                        of the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage
                        shall be guaranteed or insured by a qualified
                        insurer.
                    ``(B) Exceptions.--
                            ``(i) State agencies and certain mortgage
                        programs.--With respect to a seller that is a
                        State or political subdivision thereof, for
                        mortgages purchased on behalf of a State or
                        political subdivision thereof, and for
                        mortgages acquired under section 1335 of the
                        Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety
                        and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4565), the
                        following coverage requirements apply for
                        unpaid principal balances at the time of
                        purchase:
                                    ``(I) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                                principal balance that is equal to an
                                amount that is above 80 percent and not
                                more than 85 percent of the value of
                                the property, an amount that is not
                                less than 6 percent the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer.
                                    ``(II) For a mortgage with an
                                unpaid principal balance that is equal
                                to an amount that is above 85 percent
                                and not more than 90 percent of the
                                value of the property, an amount that
                                is not less than 12 percent the portion
                                of the unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer.
                                    ``(III) For a mortgage with an
                                unpaid principal balance that is equal
                                to an amount that is above 90 percent
                                and not more than 95 percent of the
                                value of the property, an amount that
                                is not less than 16 percent of the
                                portion of the unpaid principal balance
                                of the mortgage shall be guaranteed or
                                insured by a qualified insurer.
                                    ``(IV) For a mortgage with an
                                unpaid principal balance that is equal
                                to an amount that is above 95 percent
                                and not more than 97 percent of the
                                value of the property, an amount that
                                is not less than 18 percent the portion
                                of the unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer.
                            ``(ii) Low income mortgagor.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--For a mortgage
                                with an unpaid principal balance at the
                                time of purchase that is equal to an
                                amount that is above 90 percent and not
                                more than 97 percent of the value of
                                the property, and for which the
                                mortgagor of the mortgage is a low-
                                income mortgagor, the Director of the
                                Federal Housing Finance Agency may
                                permit that an amount that is not less
                                than 25 percent of the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer.
                                    ``(II) Low-income mortgagor
                                defined.--
                                            ``(aa) In general.--The
                                        term `low-income mortgagor'
                                        means a mortgagor with a
                                        household income of not more
                                        than 80 percent of the area
                                        median income.
                                            ``(bb) Area median income
                                        qualification.--The Director of
                                        the Federal Housing Finance
                                        Agency may adjust the area
                                        median income qualification
                                        described in item (aa).
            ``(2) Qualified insurer.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To be a qualified insurer under
                this subsection, an insurer shall--
                            ``(i) be subject to any State insurance law
                        or regulations that are applicable to insurance
                        companies in the respective State in which the
                        insurer operates;
                            ``(ii) be subject to any eligibility
                        standards as described in subparagraph (B); and
                            ``(iii) be a private enterprise.
                    ``(B) Eligibility standards from corporation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Corporation may set
                        eligibility standards, as described in clause
                        (ii), for qualified insurers.
                            ``(ii) Imposition of standards.--Any
                        eligibility standards imposed by the
                        Corporation on qualified insurers shall be
                        approved by the Director of the Federal Housing
                        Finance Agency and subject to a 30 day notice
                        and comment period for the public, including
                        insurers to provide input on the proposed
                        eligibility requirements or changes thereto.
                        The Director may only approve such proposed
                        eligibility requirements from the public
                        comment period.
    ``(f) Holding of Assets.--
            ``(1) In general.--The value of the covered assets held by
        the Corporation at any time may not exceed the greater of--
                    ``(A) 8 percent of the Corporation's total assets;
                or
                    ``(B) an amount that the Secretary of the Treasury
                and the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency
                determine is necessary on a quarterly basis to--
                            ``(i) engage in the business of
                        securitizing mortgage-backed securities
                        guaranteed the Corporation; and
                            ``(ii) comply with the liquidity
                        requirements prescribed by the Director.
            ``(2) Covered assets defined.--In this subsection, the term
        `covered assets'--
                    ``(A) means mortgages, mortgage loans, mortgage-
                related securities, participation certificates,
                mortgage-backed commercial paper, obligations of real
                estate mortgage investment conduits, and any
                substantially similar assets; and
                    ``(B) does not include loans for the construction
                of residential dwelling units.
    ``(g) Requirements Applying to the Purchase of Single-Family
Residential Mortgages.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Corporation may not vary the pricing
        or any other contractual term of the acquisition by the
        Corporation of any single-family residential mortgage
        (including by granting any variance) based on the size, charter
        type, or volume of business of the seller of such mortgage.
            ``(2) Equivalent offers.--The Corporation shall offer to
        purchase at all times, for equivalent cash consideration
        (subject to an appropriate adjustment for the value of any
        servicing rights retained by an approved seller-servicer and
        for the cost of bearing or otherwise managing any incremental
        credit, market, operational, liquidity, or other risk
        associated with the cash window), and on substantially similar
        terms, including pricing, any single-family residential
        mortgage that--
                    ``(A) is of a class of single-family residential
                mortgages that the Corporation offers to acquire for
                mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the
                Corporation or other noncash consideration;
                    ``(B) is offered for sale to the Corporation by a
                seller that has been approved to do business with the
                Corporation; and
                    ``(C) has been originated and, if sold, sold in
                compliance with any underwriting or other similar
                restrictions prescribed by the Corporation or the
                Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency as a
                conservator;
            ``(3) Simultaneous mortgage leins.--The Corporation may not
        purchase a single-family residential mortgage that was
        originated in combination with a subordinate lien secured
        against the same property if at the time of origination, such
        mortgage or such subordinate lien provided access to a home
        equity line of credit that, if used by the mortgagor could, in
        combination with the original principal obligation of such
        mortgage and the original principal obligation of such
        subordinate lien, exceed 80 percent of the value of such
        property.''.
            (2) Obligations and securities.--Section 306(l)(2)(C)(i) of
        the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act (12 U.S.C.
        1455(l)(2)(C)(i)) is amended to read as follows:
                            ``(i) dedicated for--
                                    ``(I) the purpose of deficit
                                reduction; or
                                    ``(II) the purpose of supporting
                                housing supply initiatives, including
                                affordable and middle-income housing
                                developments, as defined by the
                                Secretary of the Treasury; and''.
            (3) Effective dates.--The amendments made by--
                    (A) paragraph (1) shall take effect on the date
                that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of
                this section; and
                    (B) paragraph (2) shall take effect on the date of
                the enactment of this section.
    (b) Fannie Mae.--
            (1) Mortgage operations.--Section 302 of the National
        Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1717(b)(2))--
                    (A) in subsection (b)(2)--
                            (i) by striking ``For the'' and inserting
                        the following: ``Limits on purchases of high
                        loan-to-value mortgages--
            ``(A) In general.--For the'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), as amended by
                        clause (i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``value of'' and
                                inserting ``lesser of appraised value
                                or purchase price of'';
                                    (II) by striking ``not less than 10
                                per centum in the mortgage'' and
                                inserting ``not less than the same
                                percentage of the first-loss portion of
                                the unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage that is required to be insured
                                or guaranteed as described in
                                subsection (d)(1)'';
                                    (III) by striking ``for such period
                                and'';
                                    (IV) by inserting ``not later than
                                120 days after the default of such
                                mortgage'' after ``is in default''; and
                                    (V) by striking ``as determined by
                                the corporation'' and inserting ``,
                                subject to the coverage and the
                                qualified insurer requirements
                                described in subsection (d)''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Exception for refinancing.--Notwithstanding
                the second sentence of subparagraph (A), the
                corporation may purchase a conventional mortgage with
                an outstanding principal balance exceeding 97 percent
                of the value of the property securing the mortgage if
                the corporation or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
                Corporation, during the 30 day period before the
                origination of such mortgage, replaced a mortgage with
                the same borrower secured by the same property and the
                new conventional mortgage--
                            ``(i) reduces payment amounts for the
                        borrower;
                            ``(ii) shortens the amortization term of
                        the mortgage; or
                            ``(iii) replaces variable rate mortgage
                        with fixed rate mortgage for a minimum of a 60
                        month term.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Insurance or Guarantee on Unpaid Principal Balance of a
Mortgage.--
            ``(1) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--With respect to the insurance or
                guarantee on the portion of the unpaid principal
                balance at the time of purchase of a mortgage which is
                in excess of 80 percent of the value of the property
                securing the mortgage that is required under subsection
                (b)(2)(A), the following requirements apply:
                            ``(i) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                        principal balance that is equal to an amount
                        that is above 80 percent and not more than 85
                        percent of the value of the property--
                                    ``(I) an amount that is not less
                                than 12 percent of the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer; or
                                    ``(II) if the mortgage is a fixed-
                                rate mortgage with a fully amortizing
                                term of less than or equal to 20 years,
                                an amount that is not less than 6
                                percent of the portion of the unpaid
                                principal balance of the mortgage shall
                                be guaranteed or insured by a qualified
                                insurer.
                            ``(ii) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                        principal balance that is equal to an amount
                        that is above 85 percent and not more than 90
                        percent of the value of the property--
                                    ``(I) an amount that is not less
                                than 25 percent of the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer; or
                                    ``(II) if the mortgage is a fixed-
                                rate mortgage with a fully amortizing
                                term of less than or equal to 20 years,
                                an amount that is not less than 12
                                percent the portion of the unpaid
                                principal balance of the mortgage shall
                                be guaranteed or insured by a qualified
                                insurer.
                            ``(iii) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                        principal balance that is equal to an amount
                        that is above 90 percent and not more than 95
                        percent of the value of the property--
                                    ``(I) an amount that is not less
                                than 30 percent the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer; or
                                    ``(II) if the mortgage is a fixed-
                                rate mortgage with a fully amortizing
                                term of less than or equal to 20 years,
                                an amount that is not less than 25
                                percent the portion of the unpaid
                                principal balance of the mortgage shall
                                be guaranteed or insured by a qualified
                                insurer.
                            ``(iv) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                        principal balance that is equal to an amount
                        that is above 95 percent and not more than 97
                        percent of the value of the property, an amount
                        that is not less than 35 percent of the portion
                        of the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage
                        shall be guaranteed or insured by a qualified
                        insurer.
                    ``(B) Exceptions.--
                            ``(i) State agencies and certain mortgage
                        programs.--With respect to a seller that is a
                        State or political subdivision thereof, for
                        mortgages purchased on behalf of a State or
                        political subdivision thereof, and for
                        mortgages acquired under section 1335 of the
                        Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety
                        and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4565), the
                        following coverage requirements apply for
                        unpaid principal balances at the time of
                        purchase:
                                    ``(I) For a mortgage with an unpaid
                                principal balance that is equal to an
                                amount that is above 80 percent and not
                                more than 85 percent of the value of
                                the property, an amount that is not
                                less than 6 percent the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer.
                                    ``(II) For a mortgage with an
                                unpaid principal balance that is equal
                                to an amount that is above 85 percent
                                and not more than 90 percent of the
                                value of the property, an amount that
                                is not less than 12 percent the portion
                                of the unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer.
                                    ``(III) For a mortgage with an
                                unpaid principal balance that is equal
                                to an amount that is above 90 percent
                                and not more than 95 percent of the
                                value of the property, an amount that
                                is not less than 16 percent of the
                                portion of the unpaid principal balance
                                of the mortgage shall be guaranteed or
                                insured by a qualified insurer.
                                    ``(IV) For a mortgage with an
                                unpaid principal balance that is equal
                                to an amount that is above 95 percent
                                and not more than 97 percent of the
                                value of the property, an amount that
                                is not less than 18 percent the portion
                                of the unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer.
                            ``(ii) Low income mortgagor.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--For a mortgage
                                with an unpaid principal balance at the
                                time of purchase that is equal to an
                                amount that is above 90 percent and not
                                more than 97 percent of the value of
                                the property, and for which the
                                mortgagor of the mortgage is a low-
                                income mortgagor, the Director of the
                                Federal Housing Finance Agency may
                                permit that an amount that is not less
                                than 25 percent of the portion of the
                                unpaid principal balance of the
                                mortgage shall be guaranteed or insured
                                by a qualified insurer.
                                    ``(II) Low-income mortgagor
                                defined.--
                                            ``(aa) In general.--The
                                        term `low-income mortgagor'
                                        means a mortgagor with a
                                        household income of not more
                                        than 80 percent of the area
                                        median income.
                                            ``(bb) Area median income
                                        qualification.--The Director of
                                        the Federal Housing Finance
                                        Agency may adjust the area
                                        median income qualification
                                        described in item (aa).
            ``(2) Qualified insurer.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To be a qualified insurer under
                this subsection, an insurer shall--
                            ``(i) be subject to any State insurance law
                        or regulations that are applicable to insurance
                        companies in the respective State in which the
                        insurer operates;
                            ``(ii) be subject to any eligibility
                        standards as described in subparagraph (B); and
                            ``(iii) be a private enterprise.
                    ``(B) Eligibility standards from corporation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The corporation may set
                        eligibility standards, as described in clause
                        (ii), for qualified insurers.
                            ``(ii) Imposition of standards.--Any
                        eligibility standards imposed by the
                        corporation on qualified insurers shall be
                        approved by the Director of the Federal Housing
                        Finance Agency and subject to a 30 day notice
                        and comment period for the public, including
                        insurers to provide input on the proposed
                        eligibility requirements or changes thereto.
                        The Director may only approve such proposed
                        eligibility requirements from the public
                        comment period.
    ``(e) Holding of Assets.--
            ``(1) In general.--The value of the covered assets held by
        the corporation at any time may not exceed the greater of--
                    ``(A) 8 percent of the corporation's total assets;
                or
                    ``(B) an amount that the Secretary of the Treasury
                and the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency
                determine is necessary on a quarterly basis to--
                            ``(i) engage in the business of
                        securitizing mortgage-backed securities
                        guaranteed the corporation; and
                            ``(ii) comply with the liquidity
                        requirements prescribed by the Director.
            ``(2) Covered assets defined.--In this subsection, the term
        `covered assets'--
                    ``(A) means mortgages, mortgage loans, mortgage-
                related securities, participation certificates,
                mortgage-backed commercial paper, obligations of real
                estate mortgage investment conduits, and any
                substantially similar assets; and
                    ``(B) does not include loans for the construction
                of residential dwelling units.
    ``(f) Requirements Applying to the Purchase of Single-Family
Residential Mortgages.--
            ``(1) In general.--The corporation may not vary the pricing
        or any other contractual term of the acquisition by the
        corporation of any single-family residential mortgage
        (including by granting any variance) based on the size, charter
        type, or volume of business of the seller of such mortgage.
            ``(2) Equivalent offers.--The corporation shall offer to
        purchase at all times, for equivalent cash consideration
        (subject to an appropriate adjustment for the value of any
        servicing rights retained by an approved seller-servicer and
        for the cost of bearing or otherwise managing any incremental
        credit, market, operational, liquidity, or other risk
        associated with the cash window), and on substantially similar
        terms, including pricing, any single-family residential
        mortgage that--
                    ``(A) is of a class of single-family residential
                mortgages that the corporation offers to acquire for
                mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the
                corporation or other noncash consideration;
                    ``(B) is offered for sale to the corporation by a
                seller that has been approved to do business with the
                corporation; and
                    ``(C) has been originated and, if sold, sold in
                compliance with any underwriting or other similar
                restrictions prescribed by the corporation or the
                Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency as a
                conservator;
            ``(3) Simultaneous mortgage leins.--The corporation may not
        purchase a single-family residential mortgage that was
        originated in combination with a subordinate lien secured
        against the same property if at the time of origination, such
        mortgage or such subordinate lien provided access to a home
        equity line of credit that, if used by the mortgagor could, in
        combination with the original principal obligation of such
        mortgage and the original principal obligation of such
        subordinate lien, exceed 80 percent of the value of such
        property.''.
            (2) Obligations and securities.--Section 304(g)(2)(C)(i) of
        the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1719(g)(2)(C)(i)) is
        amended to read as follows:
                            ``(i) dedicated for--
                                    ``(I) the purpose of deficit
                                reduction; or
                                    ``(II) the purpose of supporting
                                housing supply initiatives, including
                                affordable and middle-income housing
                                developments, as defined by the
                                Secretary of the Treasury; and''.
            (3) Effective dates.--The amendments made by--
                    (A) paragraph (1) shall take effect on the date
                that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of
                this section; and
                    (B) paragraph (2) shall take effect on the date of
                the enactment of this section.

SEC. 3. ADJUSTMENTS TO LIMITATIONS OF MAXIMUM ORIGINAL PRINCIPAL
              OBLIGATION OF CONVENTIONAL MORTGAGES.

    (a) Freddie Mac.--Section 305(a)(2)(A) of the Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation Act, as amended by section 2, is further amended
by striking ``Each adjustment'' and all that follows through ``exceed
prior declines.'' and inserting the following: ``Each adjustment shall
be made by adding each such amount (as it may have been previously
adjusted) a percentage thereof equal to the lower of the percentage
increase, during the most recent 12-month period ending before the time
of determining such annual adjustment, in median household income
published by the Bureau of the Census or the housing price index as
determined by the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency.''.
    (b) Fannie Mae.--Section 302(b)(2)(A) of the National Housing Act,
as amended by section 2, is further amended by striking ``Each
adjustment'' and all that follows through ``exceed prior declines.''
and inserting the following: ``Each adjustment shall be made by adding
each such amount (as it may have been previously adjusted) a percentage
thereof equal to the lower of the percentage increase, during the most
recent 12-month period ending before the time of determining such
annual adjustment, in median household income published by the Bureau
of the Census or the housing price index as determined by the Director
of the Federal Housing Finance Agency.''.
    (c) FHA Loans.--Section 203(b)(2)(A) of the National Housing Act
(12 U.S.C. 1709(b)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``not to exceed the lesser of--'' and
        inserting the following: ``not to exceed 115 percent of the
        median house price in the area in 2026, as determined by the
        Secretary, which the Secretary shall adjust the maximum
        principal obligation permitted on an annual basis by adding to
        the amount described in the previous sentence a percentage
        thereof equal to the lower of the percentage increase, during
        the most recent 12-month period ending before the time of
        determining such annual adjustment, in median household income
        published by the Bureau of the Census or the housing price
        index as determined by the Director of the Federal Housing
        Finance Agency;''; and
            (2) by striking clauses (i) and (ii);

SEC. 4. PRIOR APPROVAL OF ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 1321 of the Federal Housing Enterprises
Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4541) is
amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking ``30-day'' and inserting
                        ``60-day'';
                            (ii) by striking ``During'' and inserting
                        the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--During''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Extension of public comment period.--The
                Director may extend the public comment period described
                in subparagraph (A) by 30 days.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``30''
                        and inserting ``60'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``30-
                        day'' and all that follows through ``product''
                        and inserting ``60-day period described in
                        subparagraph (A), then the product is
                        denied.''; and
                            (iii) by striking subparagraph (C);
            (2) in subsection (e)(1)(C)--
                    (A) by striking ``to--'' and inserting ``to the
                activities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).'';
                and
                    (B) by striking clauses (i) and (ii); and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Public Disclosure of Determination.--In addition to
information disclosed in the request for public comment under
subsection (c), the Director shall publish on a public website and in
the Federal Register any non-proprietary information related to a
determination with respect a new product or new activity submission not
later than 30 days after making such determination, including
information related to the criteria for such determination.''.
    (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this section, the Director of the Federal Housing Finance
Agency shall issue or revise rules to carry out the amendments of this
section.

SEC. 5. CORE CAPITAL DEFINITION.

    Section 1303(7) of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety
and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4502(7)) is amended by inserting
after subparagraph (D) the following:
                    ``(E) Any other components or adjustments as
                determined appropriate by the Director for the purposes
                of--
                            ``(i) ensuring safety and soundness of an
                        enterprise; and
                            ``(ii) enhancing transparency and
                        consistency with respect to financial industry
                        standards.''.

SEC. 6. RISK TRANSFER REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Transfer of Risk.--Subpart A of part 2 of subtitle A of the
Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992
(12 U.S.C. 4541 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1329. TRANSFER OF RISK.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the
enactment of this section, the Director shall require each enterprise
to transfer the vast majority of credit risk on single-family
residential mortgages, as determined by the Director, starting at the
first dollar after expected losses, using the most economically
feasible mechanism to ensure that credit risk is transferred at all
tranches of risk, as prompt as the market conditions will facilitate,
to a diversified pool of investors and insurers, all on a safe and
sound basis, to reduce the mortgage credit risk concentration at the
enterprises at a cost that is considered reasonable and consistent with
the level of guarantee fees being charged.
    ``(b) Credit Risk Transfer Targets and Publication.--
            ``(1) Targets.--The Director shall, on an annual basis,
        issue and publish guidance that describes targets for credit
        risk transfer transactions.
            ``(2) Report to congress.--The Director shall, on an annual
        basis, submit to the Congress a report that describes the
        results of the previous year's credit risk transfers.
    ``(c) Credit Risk Transfer Structures.--The Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation and the Federal National Mortgage Association may
use existing Credit Risk Transfer structures, including Credit
Insurance Risk Transfer (`CIRT'), Agency Credit Insurance Structure
(`ACIS'), Connecticut Avenue Security (`CAS'), or Structured Agency
Credit Risk (`STACR'), and Seller/Servicer Risk Share arrangements, for
the risk transfer that is required under subsection (a).
    ``(d) Economically Feasible Defined.--In this section, the term
`economically feasible' means the ability to consummate a risk-transfer
trade in a manner that results in the enterprise remaining profitable
on its acquisition of the underlying collateral in which the risk is
transferred.''.
    (b) Risk Based Capital Levels.--Section 1361(a)(1) of the Federal
Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12
U.S.C. 4611(a)(1)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(1) Enterprises.--The Director shall, by regulation,
        establish risk-based capital requirements for the enterprises
        to ensure that the enterprises operate in a safe and sound
        manner, maintaining sufficient capital and reserves to support
        the risks that arise in the operations and management of the
        enterprises, and promote consistency between the capital
        treatment of credit risk transfer and comparable risk-transfer
        mechanism used by federally regulated financial institutions.
        The capital requirements shall align with the actual credit
        risk characteristics of mortgages and mortgage-backed
        securities, including loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit
        scores, debt-to-income ratios, and product structure, and avoid
        capital treatment that discourages or penalizes the use of
        prudent credit risk transfer mechanisms.''.

SEC. 7. CAPITAL FRAMEWORK AND RETURN REGULATION FOR GOVERNMENT-
              SPONSORED ENTERPRISES.

    (a) Treasury Line of Credit and Periodic Commitment Fee.--
            (1) Continuation of treasury support.--Notwithstanding
        section 8 of this Act, the lines of credit established under
        section 2.1 of the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements
        for each enterprise shall remain in effect.
            (2) Availability of unused credit facility.--Each
        enterprise shall retain access to any unused and outstanding
        balances of the lines of credit described in paragraph (1),
        which shall serve exclusively as a catastrophic risk backstop
        subordinate to any capital requirements made by the Director
        pursuant to section 1313B of the Federal Housing Enterprises
        Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4513b).
            (3) Commitment fee structure.--To retain access to the line
        of credit described in paragraph (1), each enterprise shall pay
        an annual commitment fee, the cost of which shall be determined
        by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the
        Director, based on prevailing market risk indicators,
        including--
                    (A) credit default swap spreads of comparable
                financial institutions; and
                    (B) implied risk pricing in systemic risk
                assessments determined by the Board of Governors of the
                Federal Reserve System and the Director.
    (b) Establishment of Allowable Return on Equity Range.--
            (1) Purpose of return on equity range.--For the purposes of
        ensuring financial stability and preventing excessive risk-
        taking, the Director, in consultation with the Secretary of the
        Treasury, shall establish a return on equity range requirement
        for the enterprises.
            (2) Return on equity range determination.--The Director
        shall initially establish the return on equity range between 9
        and 13 percent, as determined through an economic assessment of
        financial market conditions.
            (3) Review and adjustments on return on equity range.--Not
        later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this
        section, and not later than every 5 years thereafter, the
        Director--
                    (A) shall review and adjust as necessary the return
                on equity range established under this section;
                    (B) may make adjustments to the range to a
                percentage that is outside the percentage range
                described in paragraph (2); and
                    (C) shall make the adjustments through rulemaking.
    (c) Commitment Fee Adjustments and Capital Retention.--
            (1) Commitment fee in normal operating conditions.--In any
        fiscal year in which an enterprise reports a return on equity
        range within the established range, the enterprise shall pay
        the commitment fee as determined under subsection (a)(3).
            (2) Capital retention when return on equity falls below the
        lower bound.--In any fiscal year in which an enterprise reports
        a return on equity range below the lower bound of the
        established range, the enterprise shall--
                    (A) be exempt from paying the commitment fee for
                such year; and
                    (B) prioritize the retention of earnings to bolster
                capital reserves, unless the core capital levels of the
                enterprise meet or exceed the minimum requirements
                under any capital requirements made by the Director
                pursuant to section 1313B of the Federal Housing
                Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992
                (12 U.S.C. 4513b).
            (3) Excess earnings remittance when roe exceeds upper
        bound.--In any fiscal year in which an enterprise reports a
        return on equity range above the upper bound of the established
        range, the enterprise shall--
                    (A) pay the commitment fee as determined under
                subsection (a)(3); and
                    (B) remit all net earnings exceeding the upper
                bound to the Secretary of the Treasury to compensate
                the Federal Government for its implicit risk-bearing
                role.
    (d) Dividend Restrictions Based on Capital Adequacy.--
            (1) Dividend restriction for capital deficiency.--An
        enterprise may not issue dividends in any fiscal year in which
        the core capital of the enterprise falls below the minimum
        levels required under any capital requirements made by the
        Director pursuant to section 1313B of the Federal Housing
        Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12
        U.S.C. 4513b).
            (2) Dividend allowance in low return on equity years with
        adequate capital.--If an enterprise core capital meets or
        exceeds the minimum capital requirements made by the Director
        pursuant to section 1313B of the Federal Housing Enterprises
        Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4513b),
        dividend payments may not be restricted, notwithstanding years
        in which the return on equity falls below the lower bound of
        the established range.
    (e) Implementation and Regulatory Oversight.--
            (1) Rulemaking and oversight.--The Director, in
        consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall issue
        rules to implement this section, including--
                    (A) the methodologies for calculating the
                commitment fee described in subsection (a)(3);
                    (B) the procedures for setting and adjusting the
                return on equity range described in subsection (b);
                    (C) the capital retention requirements described in
                subsection (c)(2); and
                    (D) the mechanisms for remittances of excess
                earnings described in subsection (c)(3)(B).
            (2) Annual reporting to congress.--Not later than 1 year
        after the date of the enactment of this section, and annually
        thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Financial Services
        Committee of the House of Representatives and the Banking,
        Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee of the Senate a report
        that details--
                    (A) the financial performance of each enterprise;
                    (B) the status of the lines of credit described in
                subsection (a), including the amount of unused credit
                available;
                    (C) the effect of the return on equity range on
                housing finance stability and affordability; and
                    (D) any recommendation for legislative or
                regulatory adjustments to enhance the oversight and
                risk management of the enterprises.
    (f) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of
        the Federal Housing Finance Agency.
            (2) Enterprise.--The term ``enterprise'' has the meaning
        given such term in section 1303 of the Federal Housing
        Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12
        U.S.C. 4502).
            (3) Established range.--The term ``established range''
        means the return on equity range established under subsection
        (b) and any adjustments made to such range under subsection
        (b)(3).
            (4) Return on equity.--The term ``return on equity'' means
        the annual net income of the enterprise divided by value of
        total shareholder equity of the enterprise, expressed as a
        percentage.
            (5) Senior preferred stock purchase agreement.--The term
        ``Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement'' means, with
        respect to an enterprise, the Amended and Restated Senior
        Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements, dated September 26, 2008,
        amended May 6, 2009, further amended December 24, 2009, and
        further amended August 17, 2012, between the Secretary of the
        Treasury and such enterprise.

SEC. 8. STOCK OF EACH ENTERPRISE; PLAN TO TERMINATE CONSERVATORSHIP.

    (a) Senior Preferred Stock Conversion.--The Secretary of the
Treasury may convert the Senior Preferred Stocks of each enterprise
into common equity.
    (b) No Resumption of Periodic Commitment Fee.--The Secretary of the
Treasury shall not require the enterprises to adhere to the periodic
commitment fee described in section 3.2 of the Senior Preferred Stock
Purchase Agreements.
    (c) Exercise of Warrants for Common Stock.--The Secretary of the
Treasury shall exercise the warrants for the purchase of common stock
of the enterprises provided to the Secretary under the Senior Preferred
Stock Purchase Agreements.
    (d) Preparation To Terminate Conservatorship.--
            (1) Capital standards.--Not later than 90 after the date of
        the enactment of this section, the Director of the Federal
        Housing Finance Agency shall make a determination with respect
        to necessary capital standards for each enterprise to exit
        conservatorship.
            (2) Insufficient capital.--If an enterprise does not meet
        the capital standards described in paragraph (1), the Director
        of the Federal Housing Finance Agency shall--
                    (A) direct the enterprise to sell stock to meet
                capital standards;
                    (B) define capital thresholds that determine the
                level of intervention by the Director; and
                    (C) determine a timeline for the enterprise to
                reach necessary capital standards.
            (3) Commitment to restructure.--Not later than 1 year after
        the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary of the
        Treasury and each enterprise shall restructure the investment
        and dividend amount of the Department of the Treasury with
        respect to each enterprise in a manner that facilitates the
        orderly exit from conservatorship.
    (e) Sale of Stocks.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the
enactment of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury shall sell the
stock from exercising its warrants described in subsection (c).
    (f) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Enterprise.--The term ``enterprise'' has the meaning
        given such term in section 1303 of the Federal Housing
        Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12
        U.S.C. 4502).
            (2) Senior preferred stock purchase agreement.--The term
        ``Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement'' means, with
        respect to an enterprise, the Amended and Restated Senior
        Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements, dated September 26, 2008,
        amended May 6, 2009, further amended December 24, 2009, and
        further amended August 17, 2012, between the Secretary of the
        Treasury and such enterprise.
                                 <all>

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Status

In Committee

  1. 1Introduced
  2. 2Committee
  3. 3Floor
  4. 4Passed
  5. 5Signed

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